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India

India is officially the Republic of India with an ancient civilization and culture in South Asia between 8° 4' and 37° 6' North Latitude and 68° 7' and 97° 25’ East longitude. East to West keeps 2933 km, north to south has 3214 km size. The world's seventh biggest country is bordered by Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east, Pakistan in the West, Nepal, China and Bhutan in the north and the Indian Ocean in the south. 

India facts 28 States and 7 Union territories, was independent of British Colony on 15 August 1947. Indian history is interesting since the period of Ramayana, Mahabharata, Maurya Dynasty, Sunga Dynasty, Kanva Dynasty, Satavahana Dynasty, Kusan Dynasty, Gupta Dynasty and British Colony (1850-1947). The President remains the head of state, the prime minister stays an executive. The parliament has Rajya Sabha, the upper house, the council of states with 250 members and Lok Sabha, the lower house, the house of the people contains 545 members. The mainland of India has four regions, Great Mountain Zone, Plains of Ganga and Indus, Desert Region, and the Southern Peninsula.

India has 700000 villages and the major cities, Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Lucknow, Patna, Banglore and Jaipur. The Bollywood film industry, Tata Group, and Taj Mahal are famous in India. Bodhgaya, Sarnath, and Kushinagar are the sacred site of Buddhists. The lowest Kuttanad in Alappuzha district of Kerala -2.2 meters, the highest Nanda Devi 7816 meters in Chamoli Uttarakhand. The annual per capita income per person is 1498 US dollars. India produces plenty of tea and coffee. There are 38 UNESCO world heritage sites. The Cherrapunji (1484 m.) in Meghalaya is the rainiest area in the world (500-inch rainfall). The 25 facts of India is given below.

1. Government

President - Ram Nath Kovind

Prime Minister - Narendra Modi

Minister of Home Affairs - Rajnath Singh

Chief of Army Staff - Dalbir Singh

2. Capital 

New Delhi

3. Area

It is 32, 87, 263 sq. km. (12, 69, 346 sq mi) big.

4. the Lowest and Highest point

Kuttanad in Alappuzha district of Kerala -2.2 meters, Nanda Devi 7816 meters in Chamoli Uttarakhand. 

5. Flag 

The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron on the top, white in the middle, and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. At the centre of the white band is a navy blue wheel, which is a representation of the Ashoka Chakra at Sarnath.

6. Nationality

Indian

7. 28 States of India 

1. Andhra Pradesh, Capital - Hyderabad, Amaravati at Southern
2. Arunachal Pradesh, Capital - Itanagar at North-Eastern
3. Assam, Capital - Dispur at North-Eastern
4. Bihar, Capital - Patna at Eastern
5. Chhattisgarh, Capital - Raipur at Central
6. Goa, Capital - Panaji at Western 
7. Gujarat, Capital - Gandhinagar at Western 
8. Haryana, Capital - Chandigarh at Northern
9. Himachal Pradesh, Capital - Shimla at Northern
10. Jharkhand, Capital - Ranchi at Eastern
11. Karnataka, Capital - Bangalore at Southern
12. Kerala, Capital - Thiruvananthapuram at Southern
13. Madya Pradesh, Capital - Bhopal at Central
14. Maharashtra, Capital - Mumbai at Western
15. Manipur, Capital - Imphal at North-Eastern
16. Meghalaya, Capital - Shillong at North-Eastern
17. Mizoram, Capital - Aizawl at North-Eastern
18. Nagaland, Capital - Kohima at North-Eastern
19. Orissa, Capital - Bhubaneshwar at Eastern
20. Punjab, Capital - Chandigarh at Northern
21. Rajasthan, Capital - Jaipur at Northern
22. Sikkim, Capital - Gangtok at North-Eastern
23. Tamil Nadu, Capital - Chennai at Southern
24. Telangana, Capital - Hyderabad at Southern
25. Tripura, Capital - Agartala at North-Eastern
26. Uttar Pradesh, Capital - Lucknow at Northern
27. Uttarakhand, Capital - Dehradun at Northern
28. West Bengal, Capital - Kolkata  at Eastern 

8. List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites 

Cultural World Heritage Sites - 30

1. Agra Fort (1983) 2. Ajanta Caves (1983) 3. Archaeological Site of  Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (2016) 4. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989), 5. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004), 6. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (2004) 7. Churches and Convents of Goa (1986) 8. Elephant Caves (1987) 9. Ellora Caves (1983) 10. Fatehpur Sikri (1986) 11. Great Living Chola Temples (1987, 2004) 12. Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986) 13. Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984) 14, Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987) 15. Hill Forts of Rajasthan (2013) 16. Historic City of Ahmadabad (2017) 17. Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi (1993) 18. Jayapur City, Rajasthan (2019) 19. Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) 20. Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002) 21. Mountain Railways of India (1999, 2005, 2008) 22. Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993) 23. Rani-Ki Vay at Patan, Gujarat (2014) 24. Red Fort Complex (2007) 25. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003) 26. Sun Temple, Konarak (1984) 27. Taj Mahal (1983) 28. The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement (2016) 29. The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (2010), 30. Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai (2018)

Natural World Heritage Sites - 7

1. Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (2014) 2. Kaziranga National Park (1985) 3. Keoladeo National Park (1985) 4. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985) 5. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988, 2005) 6. Sundarbans National Park (1987) 7. Western Ghats (2012)

Mixed World Heritage Sites - 1

1. Khangchendzonga National Park (2016)

Tentative list of the World  Heritage Sites - 42

1. Temples at Bishnupur, West Bengal (1998)
2. Mattanchery Palace, Ernakulam, Kerala (1998)
3. Group of Monuments at Mandu, Madhya Pradesh (1998)
4. Ancient Buddhist Site, Sarnath, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (1998)
5. Sri Harimandir Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab (2004)
6. River Island of Majuli in midstream of Brahmaputra River in Assam (2004)
7. Namdapha National Park (2006)
8. Wild Ass Sanctuary, Little Rann of Kutch (2006)
9. Neora Valley National Park (2009)
10. Desert National Park (2009)
11. Silk Road Sites in India (2010)
12. Santiniketan (2010)
13. The Qutb Shahi Monuments of Hyderabad Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Charminar (2010)
14. Mughal Gardens in Kashmir (2010)
15. Delhi - A Heritage City (2012)
16. Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate (2014)
17. Cellular Jail, Andaman Islands (2014)
18. The Glorious Kakatiya Temples and Gateways (2014)
19. Iconic Saree Weaving Clusters of India (2014)
20. Dholavira: A Harappan City (2014)
21. Apatani Cultural Landscape (2014)
22. Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam (2014)
23. Monuments of Srirangapatna Island Town (2014)
24. Chilika Lake (2014)
25. Padmanabhapuram Palace (2014)
26. Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysala (2014)
27. Sites of Saytagrah, India’s non-violent freedom movement (2014)
28. Thembang Fortified Village (2014)
29. Narcondam Island (2014)
30. Moidams – the Mound-Burial system of the Ahom Dynasty (2014)
31. Ekamra Kshetra – The Temple City, Bhubaneswar (2014)
32. The Neolithic Settlement of Burzahom (2014)
33. Archaeological remains of a Harappa Port-Town, Lothal (2014)
34. Mountain Railways of India (Extension) (2014)
35. Chettinad, Village Clusters of the Tamil Merchants (2014)
36. Bahá'í House of Worship at New Delhi (2014)
37. Evolution of Temple Architecture – Aihole-Badami- Pattadakal (2015)
38. Cold Desert Cultural Landscape of India (2015)
39. Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Grand Trunk Road (2015)
40. Keibul Lamjao Conservation Area (2016)
41. Garo Hills Conservation Area (GHCA) (2018)
42. The historic ensemble of Orchha (2019)

9. Tourist arrivals in 2018

Bangladesh - 2256675 (21.37%)
United States - 1456678 (13.80%)
United Kingdom - 1029758 (9.75%)
Sri Lanka - 353684 (3.35%)
Canada - 351040 (3.32%)
Australia - 346486 (3.28%)
Malaysia - 319172 (3.02%)
China - 281768 (2.67%)
Germany - 274087 (2.60%)
Russian - 262309 (2.48%)
France - 261653 (2.47%)
Japan - 236236 (2.23%)
Singapore- 183581 (1.73%)
Nepal - 174096 (1.64%) 
Other countries - 2770707 (26.24%)
Total - 10557929 (10.55 million) tourists

10. Religion

In India, there is the majority of Hindus 80%, Muslim 13%, Christian 3%, Sikh 2%, and Buddhist, Jain and others are 2%.

11. Ethnic Group

There are five major racial types in India, including Caucasians, Australoid, Negroid, Europoid, and Mongoloid.

12. Language

There are 23 official languages is recognized by the Constitution of India (26th January 1950). Assamese, Bodo, Bengali, Dogri, Hindi, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithali, Malayalam, Marathi, Meitei, Oriya, Nepali, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu. The national language is Hindi and English.

13. Population

According to the census year, 31 March 2011, there are 1,21, 019, 3422  people, including male (623.7 million) and female (586.4 million). 

14. Literacy Rate

According to the 2011 census year report, the literacy rate is 74.04%, including 82.14% male and 65.46% female.

15. Life Expectancy

65.8 years (Men), 68.1 years (women)

16. Currency

Rupee

17. Time

GMT +5:30

18. Telephone Country Code 

+91

19. Natural Resources

Coal, natural gas, petroleum, iron ore, magnetite, gypsum, manganese ore, limestone, dolomite, kaolin, steatite, fluorite, phosphorite, apatite, mica, bauxite, chromite, etc.

20. Climate

Tropical wet, Tropical wet and dry, Arid, Semi-arid, Humid Subtropical and Highland. It has 4 seasons, Winter - December, January, and February, Summer - March, April and May, Monsoon - June, July, and August, Autumn - September, October and November.

21. National Park and Conservation Area

There are 166 National Parks and 515-wildlife conservation areas that cover an area of 4.5% of the total land of India.

22. Flora

There are eight distinct floristic regions, including The Eastern Himalayas, The Western Himalayas, The Indus Plains, Assam, The Ganga Plain, The Malabar, The Deccan, and The Andaman. Types of vegetation are Thorn forest, Tropical dry deciduous forest, tropical moist deciduous forest, and Mountain vegetation. Here are 49000 species of plants according to the Botanical Survey of India. The vascular flora is 15000 species; including 35% is an endemic species. There are a large number of non-flowering plants, including ferns, algae, fungi, and liverworts. Approximate there are 850 plant species of ethnobotanical interest. Approximate 1336 plant species are vulnerable and endangered. 20 plant species are extinct.

23. Fauna

The diversity of climate and physical conditions there are 81251 species of fauna in India, including 60000 species of insects, 5020 species of molluscs, 410 species of mammals, 1228 species of birds, 446 species of reptiles, 204 species of amphibians and 2546 species of fishes are in here. Some of the mammals are gaur, elephant, rhinoceros, wild sheep, deer, cat, tiger, lion, leopard, snow leopard, gharial crocodiles, panda, shrew, tapir, ibex, etc. Some of the birds are pheasant, geese, ducks, mynahs, cranes, pigeons, parakeets, hornbill, Sunbird, etc.

24. Rivers

There are 4 groups of rivers are in India, including Himalayan Rivers, Deccan Rivers, Coasted Rivers and inland drainage basins. Some of them are Ganga, Bhagirathi, Kosi, Yamuna, Ramganga, Gandak, Makku, Jiri, Dhaleswari, Godavari, Narmada, Tapti, Kaveri,  Ghagra, and Rupen Rivers.

25. List of Popular Cities in India

Ahmedabad, Agra, Amritsar, Aligarh, Amravati, Asansol, Ajmer, Ambattur, Bhavnagar, Bhilai Nagar, Bikaner, Bhiwandi, Bhubaneswar, Bareilly, Bhopal, Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Chandigarh, Cuttack, Durgapur, Dehradun, Dhanbad, Delhi, Darjeeling, Faridabad, Guwahati, Gurgaon, Gorakhpur, Guntur, Gulbarga, Gaya, Hubli and Dharwad, Haora, Hyderabad, Indore, Jalgaon, Jammu, Jhansi, Jamnagar, Jamshedpur, Jalandhar, Jodhpur, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Kolkata, Kalyan and Dombivali, Kota, Kochi, Kolapur, Loni, Lucknow, Mumbai, Madurai, Moradabad, Mysore, Mira and Bhayander, Malegaon, Maheshtala, Nellore, Nanded Waghala, Noida, Navi Mumbai, Nashik, Nagpur, Patna, Pimpri and Chinchwad, Pune, Raipur, Ranchi, Rajkot, Surat, Srinagar, Solapur, Salem, Saharanpur, Siliguri, Sangli Miraj Kupwad, Tirunelveli, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirappalli, Thane, Ujjain, Ulhasnagar, Udaipur, Vijayawada, Varanasi, Vasai Virar, Vadodara and Visakhapatnam.

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